Ammonium lactate carries a story rooted in both fermentation science and the search for effective skincare ingredients. Lactic acid itself shows up in ancient food preservation methods—think yogurts, cheeses, pickles—always produced by lactic acid–generating bacteria. But the pairing of ammonium and lactic acid as a single compound didn’t gain momentum until the late 20th century, largely pushed by dermatology’s hunt for ways to soften dry, scaly skin. By the early 1980s, scientists started combining ammonium salts with lactic acid, producing a product that could moisturize while gently exfoliating. Patents soon followed, and the cream-based formula found its way into both prescription and over-the-counter options. Since then, ammonium lactate solutions have moved beyond the dermatologist's office and onto pharmacy shelves worldwide, establishing a reputation for dependability in treating several everyday skin issues.
Walk into a drugstore, skin clinic, or even some grocery aisles, and there’s a good chance you’ll run across ammonium lactate creams and lotions. These products usually show up as white or off-white emulsions, offered in strengths like 12% or sometimes 5% for those with more sensitive skin. They come in plastic bottles, tubes, and occasionally bulk containers for dispensing in healthcare settings. Most labels promote benefits such as soothed, hydrated skin and relief from itchiness, flakiness, or roughness that comes with eczema, psoriasis, or simple winter dryness. Not every tube feels the same—some have thicker, ointment-like qualities, while others glide on easily for quick absorption. Some brands toss in extras like ceramides, urea, or aloe to boost their formulas. Over the years, people have found creativity in application, using the product for elbows, knees, heels, and hands—anywhere dry, bumpy skin likes to linger.
Chemists note ammonium lactate for its straightforward makeup. Built from lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide, each molecule tidily merges the two into one salt. This yields a white, nearly crystalline solid powder that doesn’t carry much of an odor. It dissolves easily in water and makes a solution that falls on the acidic side, largely thanks to the lactic acid component. This water-loving character explains why it blends smoothly into moisturizing lotions—skin drinks it up and holds onto it. Its melting point sits just above room temperature, so creams don’t separate under normal conditions. The compound breaks down in heat, with lactic acid giving off a slightly sweet aroma and ammonium releasing its familiar pungency. It doesn’t last forever in storage—exposure to air, heat, or too much humidity will degrade both its appearance and its efficacy, which is why you see shelf lives stamped on every box.
Anyone diving into ingredient lists or regulatory paperwork knows that ammonium lactate must tick a dozen boxes to meet U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) standards. Labels disclose exact percentages of ammonium lactate, often alongside warnings about sensitivity to sunlight or open wounds. Ingredient panels don’t just list the main active; they spell out every minor additive, right down to the types of emollients, preservatives, and stabilizers included. The American National Formulary (NF) and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) establish purity requirements—highly important for pharmaceutical preparations—limiting the amount of free lactic acid, unwanted metals, or microbes. Expiration dates keep users mindful of how long their product remains safe. Some packaging also points out “for external use only” and gives application tips, reflecting regulatory insistence on keeping consumers fully informed.
Manufacturers don’t just stir together lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide and pack the final blend. The production process starts with high-purity lactic acid, often generated by fermenting sugars using specific bacterial strains. Once collected, the lactic acid gets purified and combined in a reactor with a solution of ammonium hydroxide under controlled temperatures, usually just above room temperature. The process requires careful pH monitoring to avoid degradation or unwanted side reactions. Resulting ammonium lactate is filtered, checked for purity, and isolation occurs by evaporating excess water, leaving behind a fine, dry solid. For creams and lotions, this powder then dissolves in water, often with an oil phase mixed in for emulsion, followed by fats, thickeners, and preservatives. The final batch is homogenized for smoothness, tested for stability, and packaged using pumps or tubes that shield against contamination.
Chemically, ammonium lactate stands as an acid-base salt: lactic acid donates a proton to ammonium hydroxide, yielding the characteristic compound along with water. It acts as a weak acid in water, able to buffer small pH changes—an appealing feature in skincare. Modification efforts tend toward improving the salt’s stability, skin penetration, or minimizing irritation. Researchers sometimes swap out the counterion or try blending ammonium lactate with other acids or humectants. Under heat or strong alkalinity, ammonium lactate can slowly decompose, giving off ammonia gas and reverting to lactic acid—good reasons to avoid excessive heat during manufacture. Its root chemistry doesn’t change much, but the ways it blends with other actives, binds water, or releases ions on the skin make it versatile for new formulas under research.
Chemists and medical professionals refer to ammonium lactate by several synonyms: Lactic acid, ammonium salt; Ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate; Lactic acid, monoammonium salt. Trade names in the pharmaceutical and skincare worlds include Lac-Hydrin, Amlactin, and generic “Ammonium Lactate Cream, 12%.” Each name tracks back to the core compound, though brand labels often include additional claims or highlight specific formulation tweaks. Internationally, the same compound appears under slightly different names, reflecting labeling laws or translation—such as “lactate d’ammonium” in French products or other equivalents worldwide. These names cover a wide array of formulas, from single-active ointments to multi-ingredient barrier creams.
Anyone using ammonium lactate, especially at higher strengths, has heard or read advice about photosensitivity—skin treated with the cream can burn more easily under direct sunlight. Regulatory bodies recommend users limit sun exposure or cover up after application. As for skin reactions, occasional stinging, redness, or itching do pop up, mostly where the skin barrier is already damaged. Pregnant people and children need to consult health professionals before applying strong concentrations, and using the product on infected, broken, or extensively irritated skin isn’t encouraged. On the manufacturing side, pharmaceutical plants keep ammonium lactate tightly sealed and stored below 25°C, with regular checks for microbial growth or chemical changes. Workers handle bulk powders with gloves and masks, given the dustiness and mild irritation risks during production. Environmental standards focus on waste disposal, especially on keeping lactic acid and ammonium runoff out of waterways. Companies complete rigorous safety assessments for every batch, including patch tests, and siting lotions and creams on pharmacy shelves follows a proven chain of regulatory steps.
Everyday life presents plenty of rough, bumpy, or dry skin patches, and ammonium lactate quickly fits into routines for tackling these problems. Dermatologists often suggest it for conditions like xerosis (chronic dryness), ichthyosis (hereditary scaling), and even keratosis pilaris (those stubborn “chicken skin” bumps on arms and thighs). Foot and hand creams loaded with ammonium lactate help with cracked heels or calluses that resist regular moisturizers. Plenty of folks in cold, dry climates keep it on hand for winter. Medical research opened new doors—ammonium lactate has shown potential benefits for psoriasis plaques and sometimes as a supportive agent in more aggressive eczema regimens. Beyond the skin, some researchers have looked into ammonium lactate for veterinary uses, targeting animal skin problems. Although not meant for mucous membranes or eyes, creative application continues to broaden its utility, especially as new combinations and delivery systems develop.
The research community doesn’t stop at the surface layer of skin. Scientists explore better ways to boost absorption, aiming for deeper hydration with less irritation. Some tackle the unique needs of aging skin or people with sensitivities, swapping ammonium lactate into new emollient bases or coupling it with soothing botanicals. Lab teams run comparative head-to-head trials, pitting ammonium lactate against other humectants or keratolytics to see which works faster or more gently. There’s a lively debate about the ideal concentration for treating moderate vs. severe dryness. Every year, fresh studies publish on optimizing particle size, protecting the formula from light or oxygen, or even moving away from animal-derived lactic acid to more sustainable plant sources. Open questions remain about the long-term impacts of daily ammonium lactate exposure and how formulations can be adapted for under-served populations—pediatric, geriatric, or immunocompromised groups.
Decades of use have supplied plenty of data on ammonium lactate safety, especially for short-term, surface-level application. Clinical testing consistently ranks it as low in systemic toxicity, with the vast majority of side effects coming down to skin sensitivity. Large-scale toxicology studies in animals and humans report no significant organ harm or cumulative effects from proper topical use. Eyes and open wounds react poorly, so most packaging shouts out warnings to avoid these sites. In laboratory settings, ultra-high concentrations show the potential for acidity-related cell damage, but everyday creams never reach those thresholds. Ongoing surveillance from regulatory agencies helps catch rare adverse events, prompting formulation tweaks or clearer instruction leaflets if trends emerge. With environmental exposure, lactic acid breaks down easily in water and soil, while the ammonium portion returns to natural nitrogen cycles. This means people and planet face a low risk profile, so long as the product is used as intended.
Skin science keeps pushing ahead, and ammonium lactate’s story continues to evolve. Companies look for formulations that deliver hydration and barrier support in tandem, cutting down on stinging or burning for sensitive users. Consumer demand for “clean” or vegan ingredients drives research into fermentation methods that skip animal byproducts. The rise of wearable skin monitors opens up possibilities for personalized dosing based on measured dryness, with digital devices dispensing lighter or stronger creams as needed. Collaboration between dermatologists, chemists, and environmental scientists guides the next generation of products—ones that stay gentle, work fast, and avoid unnecessary waste. Ammonium lactate could soon appear paired with targeted botanicals or delivered in microcapsules for longer-lasting effects. Through all these changes, one steady theme remains: real people want skin solutions that work, and every step of research and manufacturing comes back to that simple need.
Ammonium lactate pops up most often in the world of skincare. At its core, this ingredient helps people whose skin feels cracked, flaky, or stubbornly dry. I’ve watched family and friends with eczema or keratosis pilaris reach for lotions packed with ammonium lactate on bad days. Applying these creams often means fewer rough patches and less itching—something that really makes a difference if you know the pain of splitting fingertips in winter. Dry air and frequent handwashing only make things worse, but using a moisturizer containing ammonium lactate softens skin and brings much-needed relief.
This chemical combines lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide. It works as both a moisturizer and a gentle exfoliant. Lactic acid pulls water into the outer layers of skin, locking in moisture. At the same time, it helps break down the bonds holding dead skin cells together, so skin feels softer and smoother after regular use. People who deal with calloused heels or bumpy arms usually notice the difference. According to Mayo Clinic and the American Academy of Dermatology, ammonium lactate creams have won trust as part of standard care for dry, scaly skin conditions.
Physicians often recommend 12% ammonium lactate lotion for adults fighting stubborn dryness. They turn to this ingredient because it’s proven safe and effective with consistent use. Everyone from teens battling rough elbows to older adults managing thinning, fragile skin may benefit. Pharmacists and dermatologists recognize ammonium lactate as more than just a cosmetic option; for many, it plays a supporting role in preventing uncomfortable cuts, tears, and infections that sometimes follow chronic dryness.
Not every skin problem suits this solution. Some people with sensitive skin notice a brief stinging or mild redness. Health experts suggest keeping lotions away from open wounds or chapped lips. Children or people with broken skin should avoid it. Talking to a healthcare provider before starting a new regimen always helps steer clear of possible complications, especially for folks with allergies or more serious conditions.
Beyond medical care, ammonium lactate comes from lactic acid, often produced by fermenting corn or beets. Its role in personal care products extends past skincare, due to its humectant properties. Companies looking for gentle, plant-based solutions use ammonium lactate to create effective moisturizing products with fewer harsh ingredients. Industry research shows steady growth in demand, driven by consumers asking for science-backed, affordable options in stores and online.
Ammonium lactate works best when used alongside simple habits: avoiding hot showers, applying creams right after bathing, and steering clear of harsh soaps protect results. Stores and pharmacies keep these creams accessible. Reading ingredient lists and watching for trusted brands will never steer you wrong. If you or someone you know fights dry or bumpy skin, picking up a product with ammonium lactate could become a small daily routine that brings welcome relief.
Walking through the pharmacy aisles, I’ve noticed Ammonium Lactate lotion has found a place on many bathroom counters, especially in homes where dry, flaky skin causes trouble. You see it handed over the counter for skin that cracks, rough patches on elbows, or thickened skin on the feet. Its active ingredient—a blend of lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide—works by both drawing water into the skin and gently buffing away dead cells. Dermatologists have recommended it for years, especially for folks with keratosis pilaris or chronic dry hands from winter weather. Using a product rooted in clinical results, and with FDA approval behind it, gives some peace of mind beyond whatever magic serums social media hypes.
Nobody likes the sting that hits after a rushed application, so read the label and ask your doctor if you’re unsure. I always wash and gently pat my skin dry—never rub. Skin that’s wet turns this lotion into an irritation magnet. I pour a modest amount into my palm and spread it on thick areas like heels or hands, using circular motions for a minute. I keep it away from cracked skin until the worst of the rawness has healed. Ammonium Lactate lotion does more heavy lifting if you let it soak in, so I give it at least ten minutes before putting on socks or gloves. Applying it after evening showers keeps my morning routine quick and helps offset all the hand washing during cold season.
There’s plenty of praise for smoother skin, but not everyone has an easy ride. I learned quickly that this lotion can sting if layered on just-shaved legs. Fragrance-free formulas sit better with sensitive skin—perfume makes any slight burning worse. Persistent redness or itching signals it’s time to talk with a healthcare provider. In my experience, testing a small patch before daily use avoids bigger problems.
Kids and older adults need an extra cautious approach since their skin reacts faster. Kids should never use it unless a doctor says so. I always keep this out of my eyes and mouth. If it gets there, rinsing thoroughly with cool water helps. Ammonium Lactate proves more helpful than greasy petroleum products if you need to wear gloves or work with your hands, as it won’t leave tools slippery or stain keyboards. Using a mild cleanser—not a harsh soap—preserves the skin barrier, so I stick to unscented options.
Drugstore shelves hold rows of promises, but Ammonium Lactate has a firm medical backing. For anyone fighting rough, tightly drawn skin, or showing patches of keratosis pilaris, it becomes more than a routine—it's a chance to feel comfortable again in your own skin. Applying too much, especially during summer or on sunburns, brings out more harm than help. Wisdom passed down from my own family doctor: less is often more, and listening to your skin trumps any instruction sheet. For anyone unsure, asking a pharmacist or family physician saves headaches down the road.
Ammonium lactate finds its way into a lot of medicine cabinets, recommended by dermatologists for dry, rough, or scaly skin. Sold under names like Lac-Hydrin, this lotion works by helping the top layer of skin hold onto water, softening flakes and easing rough patches. I first tried a sample at my doctor’s office after a winter spent with cracked hands and legs so dry they looked white all day. The stuff didn't sting right away and gave some relief, but there’s more to the story than just smooth skin.
Anyone who's used prescription creams knows that sometimes relief comes at a cost. Ammonium lactate often stings or burns, especially on sensitive or broken skin. I remember dabbing a bit on a patch of eczema on my elbows — like pouring lemon on a paper cut. This kind of reaction gets mentioned often in reviews and reports. Studies, including those referenced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, say burning and stinging hit up to 10% of users. Skin redness, itching, or peeling follows close behind.
In rare cases, allergic reactions get more serious. Imagine hives, swelling, or trouble breathing. After hearing stories from patients in dermatology forums, I learned to watch for new rashes, swelling of lips or eyelids, or any problem with swallowing. Those reactions signal the need to call a doctor or head to an ER, not just wait it out.
Some people overlook how ammonium lactate can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight. The acid in the lotion helps shed dead skin cells, but it also strips some natural protection. I spent years as a camp counselor outdoors and saw firsthand how chemical exfoliants can leave folks with easy sunburns — not something you want if you’re already using it to treat psoriasis or keratosis pilaris. Wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen becomes a must, even on cloudy days.
If you’ve got open wounds or deep skin cracks, ammonium lactate isn’t the first product to reach for. The lactic acid base stings fiercely on anything but fully closed skin. People with eczema or sensitivity often find flare-ups worsen. The FDA points out this risk in their guidance. Even if it’s marketed as gentle, no moisturizer or treatment fits every skin type.
Young children and older adults run higher risks. My aunt, who battled thin, fragile skin in her seventies, felt worse after trying a small amount suggested by a neighbor. Pediatricians tend to steer parents away from using it on toddlers, unless directed. Always double-check with a healthcare provider if you feel unsure.
No over-the-counter remedy works in a vacuum. A patch test helped me catch early redness before spreading the cream on wider areas. Dermatologists I trust say it makes sense to start slow — apply a small bit to one spot, wait a day, then look for trouble signs. If stinging or redness lasts more than a few days, I swapped it out. Moisturizers with ceramides, glycerin, or petrolatum gave me the same softness without as much irritation.
Knowing these side effects means less second-guessing if things go wrong. Recognizing relief still counts for a lot, but health isn’t about crossing fingers. For sun exposure, cover up. For discomfort, talk to your doctor. Personal experience plus evidence pushes people to make better choices for their own skin. That’s how well-being really grows.
Staring at that bottle of ammonium lactate in the medicine cabinet, you might wonder if it could help deal with those dry patches right on your face. Ammonium lactate combines lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide, mostly seen in prescriptions for rough, scaly skin on elbows, knees, or feet. Often, doctors write this up as a way to help smooth out dry, stubborn skin. Face skin tells a different story: it’s thinner, often more sensitive, and quick to react when something strong touches it.
Lactic acid plays a key role in exfoliation and hydration. Dermatologists have leaned on lactic acid for decades to lift away dead skin and pull moisture in. As someone who’s dealt with flaky, desert-dry cheeks every winter, I understand the appeal. Still, not every lactic acid formula carries the same punch. Ammonium lactate at 12% is strong: it tingles, sometimes stings, and on my own hands, certain spots can look red for a while after use. The face, especially if prone to redness or breakouts, might not appreciate that level of exfoliation, which could trigger irritation, peeling, or even burning for those with sensitive or broken skin.
Most dermatologists I’ve worked with say ammonium lactate is best left for thicker skin—heels, elbows, the stubborn dry bits on arms or legs. That’s not to say nobody can use it on their face, but there’s a clear risk of overdoing it. Reports in leading dermatology journals often mention redness, stinging, and even rashes as possible side effects, especially for those with rosacea or eczema. Dr. Hadley King, a respected dermatologist in New York, points out that people tolerating glycolic or lactic acid in other forms might still react badly to ammonium lactate because its formula is designed for resilience, not the delicate face.
Skincare products list their ingredients and uses for a reason. FDA labeling for ammonium lactate states that it’s for external use only, and most bottles direct people to avoid the eyes, lips, and mucous membranes. For many, that’s a pretty big hint about keeping it away from sensitive facial skin. Personal experience tells me that if a lotion warns to keep away from the face, trust it. Years ago, experimenting with body creams that targeted keratosis pilaris left my cheeks redder than a ripe tomato.
If someone truly wants lactic acid benefits for facial skincare, there’s no shortage of gentle alternatives. Many brands now offer lactic acid serums or creams formulated for the face, often at a lower percentage and buffered with hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid or ceramides. These products offer mild exfoliation without the risk. Before making changes or trying stronger treatments, seeing a dermatologist helps. A simple skin consultation could save months of redness or unwanted side effects.
If the goal is smoother, less flaky facial skin, a gentle cleanser and daily moisturizer with SPF keep things protected. Over-the-counter lactic acid options at 5% or lower work for most people when applied once or twice a week. Slow and steady always paid off for my skin, especially during seasonal changes or flare-ups. For persistent rough patches, medical advice beats guesswork every time.
Ammonium lactate cream finds its way into the medicine cabinet for a simple reason: it smooths out rough, dry skin. It catches a prescription for conditions like eczema, keratosis pilaris, or even super-dry feet and elbows. The ingredient list includes a combination of lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide. Most adults don’t give it a second thought before using it. Things shift, though, when pregnancy or breastfeeding enters the picture. Suddenly, everything on or in the body gets a second look. As a parent and a health writer, plenty of conversations come up in my circles about what touches the skin during those crucial months.
Pregnant and breastfeeding people carry extra worries. Responsible use of medications, even topically, calls for evidence. Doctors look at the bigger picture—will a cream like this potentially do more harm than good? The truth is, studies specific to pregnant and lactating populations rarely keep pace with everyday questions. With ammonium lactate, published research on its safety for these stages of life reads more like a blank page than a full textbook. The FDA gives it a Category B rating for pregnancy. That means animal studies have not shown risk to the fetus, but good, controlled studies in humans still don’t exist.
Absorption through healthy, unbroken skin stays relatively low. Lactic acid, part of the cream’s formula, appears naturally in the body anyway. That’s reassuring, especially when compared to some prescription treatments for severe skin disease that carry far more risk. Still, broken or raw skin opens a door to higher absorption, so caution takes priority.
Reading a product label or a medical website only goes so far. There’s no single answer that fits every situation, which feels frustrating. During pregnancy, many people live on the side of caution, opting to use less rather than more. This comes not from fear, but from living through nine months where every choice can ripple outward. The same logic lands during breastfeeding. Skin-to-skin contact, nursing, and baby’s sensitive mouth all mean what’s on a parent’s skin might end up in a child’s system—a small amount, perhaps, but enough to make many parents double-check.
Doctors I trust agree on one point: always loop in your own provider or dermatologist. Those professionals weigh all the pieces—how severe the skin problem feels, which areas demand attention, how the pregnancy has been going. No two situations match exactly. People sometimes hear mixed messages in online forums. For example, one person tells a story of using ammonium lactate through both pregnancy and breastfeeding with no problem. That provides a little comfort—yet one story can’t make the science.
Gentle, fragrance-free moisturizers often manage most dry skin issues. Some brands tout formulas created for sensitive or expecting skin, relying on ingredients dermatologists have studied for decades. Petroleum jelly and simple hydrating creams lack complex ingredients, lowering the odds of unexpected effects. Even so, amped-up dryness or a stubborn rash merits professional advice—not guessing games.
If someone truly needs ammonium lactate for ongoing skin issues, the answer doesn’t need to be “no”—but it should invite a detailed conversation between patient and provider. Together, you can weigh symptoms against the risk and decide if short-term or spot treatment works best. Safety grows from open discussion, plain questions, and trust in shared decision-making.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate |
| Other names |
Lactic acid, ammonium salt Ammonium 2-hydroxypropanoate Lactate ammonium |
| Pronunciation | /əˈmoʊniəm ˈlæk.teɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 515-98-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1718730 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:61376 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201523 |
| ChemSpider | 54620 |
| DrugBank | DB06744 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03b2adfc-bf38-4a1c-b56b-7cbe5e5c4c4c |
| EC Number | 212-762-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 65341 |
| KEGG | C01342 |
| MeSH | D018490 |
| PubChem CID | 3032619 |
| RTECS number | OD9625000 |
| UNII | 9DLQ4CIU6V |
| UN number | UN3265 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | NH4C3H5O3 |
| Molar mass | 119.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder |
| Odor | Faint ammoniacal |
| Density | 1.17 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Very soluble |
| log P | -3.8 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | 3.8 |
| Basicity (pKb) | Ammonium Lactate has a pKb of approximately 4.75 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -68.0e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.428 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 2.99 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 247.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1147.9 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D02AX03 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Causes serious eye irritation. May cause skin irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, Warning, H315, H319 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | Keep out of reach of children. For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes, lips, or mucous membranes. Discontinue use if irritation or rash develops. Do not use on broken or irritated skin. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-0-0 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (Oral, Rat): 3730 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (oral, rat): 1428 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | NOT LISTED |
| PEL (Permissible) | 50 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 50 mg/kg bw |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not Listed |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Lactic acid Ammonium chloride Sodium lactate Calcium lactate Potassium lactate |
